Cysteine is a limiting factor for glioma proliferation and survival

Abstract

Abstract

Nutritional intervention is becoming more prevalent as adjuvant therapy for many cancers in view of the tumor dependence on external sources for some nutrients. We report the dependence of glioma cells on exogenous cysteine/cystine, despite this amino acid being nonessential. ¹³C-tracing and the analysis of cystathionine synthase and cystathioninase levels revealed the metabolic landscape attributable to cysteine deprivation, and the disconnection between the methionine cycle and the transsulfuration pathway. Therefore, we explored the nutritional deprivation in a mouse model of glioma. Animals subjected to a cysteine/cystine-free diet survived longer, with concomitant reductions in glutathione and cysteine plasma levels. At the end point, however, tumors displayed the ability to synthesize glutathione, although higher levels of oxidative stress were detected. We observed a compensation from the nutritional intervention revealed as the recovery of cysteine-related metabolites in plasma. Our study highlights a time window where cysteine deprivation can be exploited for additional therapeutic strategies.